The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 186, Issue 4 , Pages 324-329 , October 2003

Interpretive disparity among pathologists in breastsentinel lymph node evaluation

Presented at the Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Society of Breast Surgeons, Atlanta, Georgia, April 30–May 4, 2003

  • Cory A Roberts, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, St Paul University Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
    • ProPath Associates, 8267 Elmbrook Dr., Suite 100, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1-214-879-3888; fax: +1-214-879-2875.
  • ,
  • Peter D Beitsch, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, St Paul University Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
  • ,
  • Craig E Litz, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, St Paul University Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
    • ProPath Associates, 8267 Elmbrook Dr., Suite 100, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
  • ,
  • D.Sue Hilton, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, St Paul University Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
    • ProPath Associates, 8267 Elmbrook Dr., Suite 100, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
  • ,
  • Gene E Ewing, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, St Paul University Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
    • ProPath Associates, 8267 Elmbrook Dr., Suite 100, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
  • ,
  • Edward Clifford, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, St Paul University Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
  • ,
  • Walton Taylor, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, St Paul University Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
  • ,
  • Marc R Hapke, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • ProPath Associates, 8267 Elmbrook Dr., Suite 100, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
  • ,
  • Armineh Babaian, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • ProPath Associates, 8267 Elmbrook Dr., Suite 100, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
  • ,
  • Imrana Khalid, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • ProPath Associates, 8267 Elmbrook Dr., Suite 100, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
  • ,
  • Joe D Hall, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • ProPath Associates, 8267 Elmbrook Dr., Suite 100, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
  • ,
  • Guy Lindberg, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, St Paul University Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
  • ,
  • Kyle Molberg, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, St Paul University Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
  • ,
  • Hossein Saboorian, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, St Paul University Hospital and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

Received 3 June 2003 ,Revised 21 June 2003

References 

  1. Mistrangelo M, Mobiglia A, Mussa B, et al.  The sentinel node in anal carcinoma. Tumori. 2002;88:S51–S52
  2. Malmstrom PU, Ren ZP, Sherif A, et al.  Early metastatic progression of bladder carcinoma (molecular profile of primary tumor and sentinel lymph node). J Urol. 2002;168:2240–2244
  3. Hauspy J, Verkinderen L, De Pooter C, et al.  Sentinel node metastasis in the groin detected by technetium-labeled nannocolloid in a patient with cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2002;86:358–360
  4. Esmaeli B. Sentinel node biopsy as a tool for accurate staging of eyelid and conjunctival malignancies. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2002;13:317–323
  5. Pelosi E, Arena V, Baudino B, et al.  Preliminary study of sentinel node identification with 99mTc colloid and blue dye in patients with endometrial cancer. Tumori. 2002;88:S9–S10
  6. Esmaeli B, Naderi A, Hidaji L, et al.  Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid with a positive sentinel node. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:646–648
  7. Nomori H, Horio H, Naruke T, et al.  Use of technetium-99m tin colloid for sentinel lymph node identification in non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;124:486–492
  8. Ionna F, Chiesa F, Longo F, et al.  Prognostic value of sentinel node in oral cancer. Tumori. 2002;88:S18–S19
  9. Rudoni M, Sacchetti GM, Leva L, et al.  Recent applications of the sentinel lymph node concept (preliminary experience in prostate cancer). Tumori. 2002;88:S16–S17
  10. Pastore A, Turetta GD, Tarabini A, et al.  Sentinel lymph node analysis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Tumori. 2002;88:S58–S60
  11. Ohyama C, Chiba Y, Yamazaki T, et al.  Lymphatic mapping and gamma probe guided laparoscopic biopsy of sentinel lymph node in patients with clinical stage I testicular tumor. J Urol. 2002;168:1390–1395
  12. Wiseman S, Hicks W, Chu Q, Rigual N. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in staging of differentiated thyroid cancer: a critical review. Surg Oncol 200;11:137
  13. Ranieri JM, Wagner JD, Azuaje R, et al. Prognostic importance of lymph node tumor burden in melanoma patients staged by sentinel node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol 9:975–81
  14. Krag D, Weaver D, Ashikaga T, et al.  The sentinel node in breast cancer—a multicenter validation study. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:941–946
  15. Assa J. The intercostobrachial nerve in radical mastectomy. J Surg Oncol. 1974;6:123–126
  16. Larson D, Weinstein M, Goldberg I, et al.  Edema of the arm as a function of the extent of axillary surgery in patients with stage I-II carcinoma of the breast treated with primary radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1986;12:1575–1582
  17. Maunsell E, Brisson J, Deschenes L. Arm problems and psychological distress after surgery for breast cancer. Can J Surg. 1993;36:315–320
  18. Hladiuk M, Huchcroft S, Temple W, Schnurr BE. Arm function after axillary dissection for breast cancer (a pilot study to provide parameter estimates). J Surg Oncol. 1992;50:47–52
  19. Dowlatshahiki K, Fan M, Snider HC, Habib FA. Lymph node micrometastases from breast carcinoma. Reviewing the dilemma. Cancer. 1997;80:1188–1197
  20. Trojani M, de Mascarel I, Bonichon F, et al.  Micrometastases to axillary lymph nodes from carcinoma of breast (detection by immunohistochemistry and prognostic significance). Br J Cancer. 1987;55:303–306
  21. Millis RR, Springall R, Lee AH, et al.  Occult axillary lymph node metastases are of no prognostic significance in breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2002;86:396–401
  22. de Mascarel I, Bonichon F, Coindre JM, Trojani M. Prognostic significance of breast cancer axillary lymph node micrometastases assessed by two special techniques (reevaluation with longer follow-up). Br J Cancer. 1992;66:523–527
  23. Bettelhim R, Price KN, Gelber RD, et al.  International (Ludwig) Breast Cancer Study Group   Prognostic importance of axillary lymph node micrometastases from breast cancers. Lancet. 1990;335:1565–1568
  24. Neville AM, Price KN, Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A. Axillary node micrometastases and breast cancer. [letter] Lancet. 1991;337:1110
  25. Nasser IA, Lee AKC, Bosari S, et al.  Occult axillary lymph node metastases in “node-negative” breast carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 1993;24:950–957
  26. McGuckin MA, Cummings MC, Walsh MD, et al.  Occult axillary metastases in breast cancer (their detection and prognostic significance). Br J Cancer. 1996;73:88–95
  27. Dowlatshahi K, Fan M, Bloom KJ, et al.  Occult metastases in the sentinel lymph nodes of patients with early stage breast carcinoma. Cancer. 1999;86:990–996
  28. Allred DC, Elledge RM. Caution concerning micrometastatic breast carcinoma in sentinel lymph nodes. Cancer. 1999;86:905–907
  29. Freneaux P, Nos C, Vincent-Salomon A, et al.  Histological detection of minimal metastatic involvement in axillary sentinel nodes (a rational basis for a sensitive methodology usable in daily practice). Mod Pathol. 2002;15:641–646
  30. Cote RJ, Peterson HF, Chaiwun B, et al.  International Breast Cancer Study Group   Role of immunohistochemical detection of lymph-node metastases in management of breast cancer. Lancet. 1999;354:896–900
  31. Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID, et al.  AJCC cancer staging manual. 5th ed. New York: Springer; 2002;
  32. Hermanek P, Hutter R, Sobin L, Wittkind C. International Union Against Cancer (classification of isolated tumor cells and micrometastasis). Cancer. 1999;86:2268–2273
  33. Lilleng PK, Maehle BO, Hartveit F. The size of a micrometastasis in the axilla in breast cancer (a study of nodal tumour-load related to prognosis). Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 1998;19:220–224
  34. Ranieri JM, Wagner JD, Azuaje R, et al. Prognostic importance of lymph node tumor burden in melanoma patients staged by sentinel node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol 2002;9:975–981
  35. Stitzenberg KB, Calvo BF, Iacocca MV, et al.  Cytokeratin immunohistochemical validation of the sentinel node hypothesis in patients with breast cancer. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;117:729–737
  36. Holdsworth PJ, Hopkinson JM, Leveson SH. Benign axillary epithelial lymph node inclusions (a histological pitfall). Histopathology. 1988;13:226–228
  37. Fleming ID, Cooper JS, Henson DE, et al.  AJCC cancer staging manual. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1997;
  38. Leers MPG, Schoffelen RHMG, Hoop JGM, et al.  Multiparameter flow cytometry as a tool for the detection of micrometastatic tumour cells in the sentinel lymph node procedure of patients with breast cancer. J Clin Pathol. 2002;55:359–366

PII: S0002-9610(03)00268-X

doi: 10.1016/S0002-9610(03)00268-X

The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 186, Issue 4 , Pages 324-329 , October 2003