The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 194, Issue 4, Supplement , Pages S33-S38 , October 2007

Severe acute pancreatitis between systematic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis: insights from a mathematical model of endotoxin tolerance

  • Catalin Vasilescu, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Street, Bucharest, Romania RO-72434
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +40-21-318-0417; fax: +40-21-318-0417.
    • ,
  • Klaus Buttenschoen, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of General Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
    • ,
  • Mircea Olteanu, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Mathematics, University “Politehnica,” Bucharest, Romania
    • ,
  • Paul Flondor, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Mathematics, University “Politehnica,” Bucharest, Romania

References 

  1. Fan H, Cook JA. Molecular mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance. J Endotoxin Res. 2004;10:71–84
  2. Cavaillon JM, Adrie C, Fitting C, et al. Reprogramming of circulatory cells in sepsis and SIRS. J Endotoxin Res. 2005;11:311–320
  3. Beeson P. Tolerance to bacterial pyrogenes (II. Role of the reticulo-endothelial system). J Exp Med. 1947;86:39–44
  4. Oberholzer A, Oberholzer C, Moldawer LL. Sepsis syndromes: understanding the role of innate and acquired immunity. Shock. 2001;16:83–96
  5. Hotchkiss RS, Karl IE. The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:138–150
  6. Guzman EA, Rudnicki M. Intricacies of host response in acute pancreatitis. J Am Coll Surg. 2006;202:509–519
  7. Wilson PG, Manji M, Neoptolemos JP. Acute pancreatitis as a model of sepsis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1998;41(suppl A):51–63
  8. Buttenschoen K, Berger D, Hiki N, et al. Endotoxin and antiendotoxin antibodies in patients with acute pancreatitis. Eur J Surg. 2000;166:459–466
  9. Exley AR, Leese T, Holliday MP, et al. Endotoxaemia and serum tumour necrosis factor as prognostic markers in severe acute pancreatitis. Gut. 1992;33:1126–1128
  10. Kingsnorth A. Role of cytokines and their inhibitors in acute pancreatitis. Gut. 1997;40:1–4
  11. Flondor P, Vasilescu C. The dynamics of the inflammatory processes. In:  Dobrescu R editors. Proceedings CSCS 15 and Second International Symposium on Interdisciplinary Applications of Fractal Analysis. Bucharest: Politehnica Press; 2005;p. 44–46
  12. Vasilescu C, Flondor P, Buttenschoen K, et al. Endotoxin tolerance or leukocytes reprogramming? (Towards modeling of innate immunity). In:  Vasilescu C,  Beger HG editor. Intraabdominal sepsis—unresolved issues. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Romane; 2006;p. 16–26
  13. Opal SM. The clinical relevance of endotoxin in human sepsis: a critical analysis. J Endotoxin Res. 2002;8:473–476
  14. Beger HG, Bittner R, Block S, et al. Bacterial contamination of pancreatic necrosis: a prospective clinical study. Gastroenterology. 1986;91:433–438
  15. Martins GA, Da Costa Carvalho G, Rocha Gattas C. Sepsis: a follow-up of cytokine production in different phases of septic patients. Int J Mol Med. 2003;11:585–591
  16. Pinsky MR, Vincent JL, Deviere J, et al. Serum cytokine levels in human septic shock: relation to multiple-system organ failure and mortality. Chest. 1993;103:565–575
  17. Ertel W, Kremer JP, Kenney J, et al. Downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine release in whole blood from septic patients. Blood. 1995;85:1341–1347
  18. Rau BM, Kruger CM, Hasel C, et al. Effects of immunosuppressive and immunostimulative treatment on pancreatic injury and mortality in severe acute experimental pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2006;33:174–183
  19. Cross AS. Endotoxin tolerance-current concepts in historical perspective. J Endotoxin Res. 2002;8:83–98
  20. Cavaillon JM, Adrie C, Fitting C, et al. Endotoxin tolerance: is there a clinical relevance?. J Endotoxin Res. 2003;9:101–107
  21. Vodovotz Y, Clermont G, Chow C, et al. Mathematical models of the acute inflammatory response. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2004;10:383–390

PII: S0002-9610(07)00350-9

doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.05.002

The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 194, Issue 4, Supplement , Pages S33-S38 , October 2007

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