The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 194, Issue 6 , Pages 741-745 , December 2007

Increased risk of death associated with hypotension is not altered by the presence of brain injury in pediatric trauma patients

Presented at the 59th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Surgical Congress, Rancho Mirage, CA, March 25–29, 2007

Received 21 April 2007 ,Revised 14 August 2007

References 

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  2. Langlois J, Gotsch K. Traumatic Brain In jury in the United States: Assessing Outcomes in Children. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); 2001;
  3. Kokoska ER, Smith GS, Pittman T, et al. Early hypotension worsens neurological outcome in pediatric patients with moderately severe head trauma. J Pediatr Surg. 1998;33:333–338
  4. Vavilala MS, Bowen A, Lam AM, et al. Blood pressure and outcome after severe pediatric traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 2003;55:1039–1044
  5. Pigula FA, Wald SL, Shackford SR, et al. The effect of hypotension and hypoxia on children with severe head injuries. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28:310–316
  6. Chiaretti A, Piastra M, Pulitano S, et al. Prognostic factors and outcome of children with severe head injury: an 8-year experience. Childs Nerv Syst. 2002;18:129–136
  7. Shafi S, Gentilello L. Hypotension does not increase mortality in brain-injured patients more than it does in non-brain-injured patients. J Trauma. 2005;59:830–835
  8. Bratton S, Keenan H. So hypotension is common: but what are the best treatment goals for kids with severe traumatic brain injury?. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:2711–2712
  9. Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children. Report of the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children—1987. Pediatrics. 1987;79:1–25
  10. Matsushita Y, Bramlett HM, Kuluz JW, et al. Delayed hemorrhagic hypotension exacerbates the hemodynamic and histopathologic consequences of traumatic brain injury in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2001;21:847–856
  11. Beaumont A, Mamarou A, Fatouros P, et al. Secondary insults worsen blood brain barrier dysfunction assessed by MRI in cerebral contusion. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2002;81:217–219
  12. Ishige N, Pitts LH, Berry I, et al. The effects of hypovolemic hypotension on high energy phosphate metabolism of traumatized brain in rats. J Neurosurg. 1988;68:129–136
  13. Chiaretti A, De Benedictis R, Della Corte F, et al. The impact of initial management on the outcome of children with severe head injury. Childs Nerv Syst. 2002;18:54–60
  14. Patrick DA, Bensard DD, Janik JS, et al. Is hypotension a reliable indicator of blood loss from traumatic injury in children?. Am J Surg. 2002;184:555–560
  15. Tepas JJ. Pediatric trauma. In:  Feliciano DV,  Moore EE,  Mattox KL editor. Trauma. 3rd ed.. Stamford, CT: Appleton and Lange; 1996;p. 879–898
  16. Porter JM, Ivatury RR. In search of the optimal end points of resuscitation in trauma patients: a review. J Trauma. 1998;44:908–914
  17. Cairns CB. Rude unhinging of the machinery of life: metabolic approaches to hemorrhagic shock. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2001;7:437–443

PII: S0002-9610(07)00725-8

doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.08.026

The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 194, Issue 6 , Pages 741-745 , December 2007

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