The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 195, Issue 2 , Pages 153-158 , February 2008

Basal cell–like (triple-negative) breast cancer, a predictor of distant metastasis in African American women

  • Chukwuemeka U. Ihemelandu, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 2041 Georgia Ave., Washington, DC 20060, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1-202-865-6100; fax: +1-202-667-1686.
    • ,
  • Tammey J. Naab, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 2041 Georgia Ave., Washington, DC 20060, USA
    • ,
  • Haile M. Mezghebe, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 2041 Georgia Ave., Washington, DC 20060, USA
    • ,
  • Kepher H. Makambi, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Howard University Cancer Center, 2041 Georgia Ave., Washington, DC 20060, USA
    • ,
  • Suryanarayana M. Siram, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 2041 Georgia Ave., Washington, DC 20060, USA
    • ,
  • LaSalle D. Leffall Jr, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 2041 Georgia Ave., Washington, DC 20060, USA
    • ,
  • Robert L. DeWitty Jr, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 2041 Georgia Ave., Washington, DC 20060, USA
    • ,
  • Wayne A. Frederick, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 2041 Georgia Ave., Washington, DC 20060, USA
    • Howard University Cancer Center, 2041 Georgia Ave., Washington, DC 20060, USA

Received 9 June 2007 ,Revised 25 September 2007

References 

  1. Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, et al. Molecular portraits of human breast tumors. Nature. 2000;406:747–752
  2. Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, et al. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:10869–10874
  3. Sorlie T, Tibshirani R, Parker J, et al. Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:8418–8423
  4. Rouzier R, Perou CM, Symmans WF, et al. Breast cancer molecular subtypes respond differently to preoperative chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:5678–5685
  5. Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, et al. Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina breast cancer study. JAMA. 2006;295:2492–2502
  6. Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer LR, et al. The triple negative paradox: primary tumor chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:2329–2334
  7. Kurtz JM, Jacquemir J, Amalric R, et al. Risk factors for breast recurrence in premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with ductal cancers treated by conservation therapy. Cancer. 1990;65:1867–1878
  8. Boyages J, Recht A, Connolly JL, et al. Early breast cancer: predictors of breast recurrence for patients treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol. 1990;19:29–41
  9. Katz A, Strom EA, Buchholz T, et al. Locoregional recurrence patterns after mastectomy and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy: implications for postoperative irradiation. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:2817–2827
  10. Clark RM, McCulloch PB, Levine MN, et al. Randomized clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of breast irradiation following lumpectomy and axillary dissection for node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992;84:683–689
  11. Hacene K, Doussal VL, Rouesse J, et al. Predicting distant metastases in operable breast cancer patients. Cancer. 1990;66:2034–2043
  12. Nielsen TO, Hsu FD, Jensen K, et al. Immunohistochemical and clinical characterization of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:5367–5374
  13. Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 6th ed.. New York: Springer; 2002;
  14. Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, et al. Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)–negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype. Cancer. 2007;109:1721–1728
  15. Haffty BG, Yang Q, Reiss M, et al. Locoregional relapse and distant metastasis in conservatively managed triple negative early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:5652–5657
  16. Pierce LP, Barbara F, Solin SJ, et al. Conservative surgery and radiation therapy in black women with early stage breast cancer. Cancer. 1992;69:2831–2840
  17. Bouvet M, Babiera GV, Tucker SL, et al. Does breast conservation therapy in young women with breast cancer adversely affect local disease control and survival rate? (The M.D. Anderson cancer center experience). Breast J. 1997;3:169–175
  18. Veronesi U, Luini A, Galimberti V, et al. Conservation approaches for the management of stage I/II carcinoma of the breast: Milan Cancer Institute trials. World J Surg. 1994;18:70–75
  19. Fisher B, Redmond C. Lumpectomy for breast cancer: an update of the NSABP experience. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1992;11:7–13
  20. Fisher BJ, Perera FE, Cooke AL, et al. Long-term follow-up of axillary node positive breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant systemic therapy alone: patterns of recurrence. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1997;38:541–550
  21. Mirza NQ, Vlastos G, Meric F, et al. Predictors of locoregional recurrence among patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with breast-conserving therapy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9:256–265
  22. Borger JH. The impact of surgical and pathological findings on radiotherapy of early breast cancer. Radiother Oncol. 1991;22:230–236
  23. Hellman S, Harris JR. Diseases of the Breast. In: Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2000;p. 407–423
  24. Van’t Veer LJ, Dai H, van de Vijver MJ, et al. Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature. 2002;415:530–536

PII: S0002-9610(07)00915-4

doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.09.033

The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 195, Issue 2 , Pages 153-158 , February 2008

Article Tools