The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 196, Issue 2 , Pages 184-190 , August 2008

Reliability of a revised NOTECHS scale for use in surgical teams

  • Nick Sevdalis, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Bio-Surgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK
    • National Patient Safety Agency, London, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +011-44 (0) 207 886 7761; fax: +011-44 (0) 207 886 6309.
    • ,
  • Rachel Davis, B.Sc., M.Sc.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Bio-Surgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK
    • ,
  • Mary Koutantji, B.Sc., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Bio-Surgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK
    • ,
  • Shabnam Undre, Ph.D., F.R.C.S.E.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Bio-Surgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK
    • ,
  • Ara Darzi, K.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.S.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Bio-Surgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK
    • ,
  • Charles A. Vincent, B.Sc., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Bio-Surgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK

Received 28 May 2007 ,Revised 13 August 2007

References 

  1. Calland JF, Guerlain S, Adams RB, et al. A systems approach to surgical safety. Surg Endosc. 2002;16:1005–1014
  2. Vincent CA, Moorthy K, Sarker SK, et al. Systems approaches to surgical quality and safety: from concept to measurement. Ann Surg. 2004;239:475–482
  3. Yule S, Flin R, Paterson-Brown S, et al. Non-technical skills for surgeons in the operating room: a review of the literature. Surgery. 2006;139:140–149
  4. Yule S, Flin R, Paterson-Brown S, et al. Development of a rating system for surgeons' non-technical skills. Med Educ. 2006;40:1098–1104
  5. Jacklin R, Sevdalis N, Darzi A, et al. Mapping decision-making in surgical practice–an interview study to evaluate decisions in surgical care. Am J Surg in press.
  6. Helmreich RL, Merritt AC, Wilhelm JA. The evolution of Crew Resource Management training in commercial aviation. Int J Aviat Psychol. 1999;9:19–32
  7. Flin R, Martin L, Goeters KM, et al. Development of the NOTECHS (non-technical skills) system for assessing pilots' CRM skills. Hum Factors Aerospace Safe. 2003;3:97–119
  8. Klampfer R, Flin R, Helmreich RL, et al. Enhancing Performance in High Risk Environments: Recommendations for the Use of Behavioural Markers. Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation Kolleg Group Interaction in High Risk Environments (GIHRE); 2001;http://www.siaa.asn.au/simtect/2005/GIHRE2.pdf (assessed on 16th April 2008)
  9. O'Connor P, Hormann HJ, Flin R, et al. Developing a method for evaluating Crew Resource Management skills: a European perspective. Int J Aviat Psychol. 2002;12:263–285
  10. van Avermaete JAG, Kruijsen E. The evaluation of non-technical skills of multi-pilot aircrew in relation to the JAR-FCL requirements (Project rep.: CR-98443). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: NLR; 1998;
  11. Catchpole KR, Godden PJ, Giddings AEB, et al. Identifying and reducing errors in the operating theatre. Patient Safety Research Programme Final Report; 2005;http://www.pcpoh.bham.ac.uk/publichealth/psrp/Publication_PS012.htm (assessed on April 16th 2008)
  12. Undre S, Koutantji M, Sevdalis S, et al. Multi-disciplinary crisis simulations: the way forward for training surgical teams. World J Surg. 2007;31:1843–1853
  13. Koutantji M, McCulloch P, Undre S, et al. Is it feasible to train surgical teams on briefing in simulation? Cogn Technol Work in press.
  14. Moorthy K, Munz Y, Adams S, et al. A human factors analysis of technical and team skills among surgical trainees during procedural simulations in a simulated operating theatre. Ann Surg. 2005;242:631–639
  15. Moorthy K, Munz Y, Forrest D, et al. Surgical crisis management skills training and assessment. Ann Surg. 2006;244:139–147
  16. Undre S, Sevdalis N, Healey AN, et al. Teamwork in the operating theatre: cohesion or confusion?. J Eval Clin Pract. 2006;12:182–189
  17. Grote G, Zala-Mezö E, Grommes P. The effects of different forms of coordination in coping with work load: cockpit versus operating theatre. Ashgate, Aldershot, UK: GIHRE-Kolleg (Group Interaction in High-Risk Environments) of the Daimler-Benz-Foundation; 2004;
  18. Healey AN, Undre S, Vincent CA. Developing observational measures of performance in surgical teams. Qual Safe Health Care. 2004;13(suppl. 1):i33–i40
  19. Undre S, Healey AN, Darzi A, et al. Observational assessment of surgical teamwork: a feasibility study. World J Surg. 2006;30:1774–1783
  20. Undre S, Sevdalis N, Healey AN, et al. Observational Teamwork Assessment for Surgery (OTAS): refinement and application in urological surgery. World J Surg. 2007;31:1373–1381
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  22. Fletcher G, Flin R, McGeorge P, et al. Anaesthetists' Non-Technical Skills (ANTS): evaluation of a behavioural marker system. Br J Anaesth. 2003;90:580–588

PII: S0002-9610(08)00260-2

doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.08.070

The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 196, Issue 2 , Pages 184-190 , August 2008

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