The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 198, Issue 2 , Pages 164-172 , August 2009

Severity of disease as main predictor for mortality in patients with pyogenic liver abscess

  • Shiuan-Chih Chen, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Deparment of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
    • Deparment of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
    • School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
    • Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
  • ,
  • Chi-Chou Huang, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Deparment of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
    • School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
    • Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
  • ,
  • Shih-Jei Tsai, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
    • Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
  • ,
  • Chi-Hua Yen, M.D., M.S.

      Affiliations

    • Deparment of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
    • School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
    • Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
  • ,
  • Ding-Bang Lin, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • School of Medical Laboratory & Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University
  • ,
  • Po-Hui Wang, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
    • Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
  • ,
  • Chun-Chieh Chen, M.D., Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Deparment of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
    • Deparment of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
    • School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
    • Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +011-886-4-24739595, ext. 34971; fax: +011-886-4-23248137
  • ,
  • Meng-Chih Lee, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H.

      Affiliations

    • Deparment of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
    • Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
    • School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University

Received 8 July 2008 ,Revised 6 August 2008

References 

  1. Huang CJ, Pitt HA, Lipsett PA, et al. Pyogenic hepatic abscess (Changing trends over 42 years). Ann Surg. 1996;223:600–609
  2. Seeto RK, Rockey DC. Pyogenic liver abscess (Changes in etiology, management, and outcome). Medicine. 1996;75:99–113
  3. Johannsen EC, Sifri CD, Madoff LC. Pyogenic liver abscesses. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2000;14:547–563
  4. Ochsner A, DeBakey M, Murray S. Pyogenic abscess of the liver. Am J Surg. 1938;40:292–319
  5. Mischinger HJ, Hauser H, Rabl H, et al. Pyogenic liver abscess: studies of therapy and analysis of risk factors. World J Surg. 1994;18:852–857
  6. Alvarez Perez JA, Gonzalez JJ, Baldonedo RF, et al. Clinical course, treatment, and multivariate analysis of risk factors for pyogenic liver abscess. Am J Surg. 2001;181:177–186
  7. Rahimian J, Wilson T, Oram V, et al. Pyogenic liver abscess: recent trends in etiology and mortality. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1654–1659
  8. Lederman ER, Crum NF. Pyogenic liver abscess with a focus on Klebsiella pneumoniae as a primary pathogen: an emerging disease with unique clinical characteristics. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:322–331
  9. Lee KT, Sheen PC, Chen JS, et al. Pyogenic liver abscess: multivariate analysis of risk factors. World J Surg. 1991;15:372–377
  10. Chou FF, Sheen-Chen SM, Chen YS, et al. Prognostic factors for pyogenic abscess of the liver. J Am Coll Surg. 1994;179:727–732
  11. Chu KM, Fan ST, Lai ECS, et al. Pyogenic liver abscess: an audit of experience over the past decade. Arch Surg. 1996;131:148–152
  12. Chou FF, Sheen-Chen SM, Chen YS, et al. Single and multiple pyogenic liver abscesses: clinical course, etiology, and results of treatment. World J Surg. 1997;21:384–389
  13. Wang JH, Liu YC, Lee SS, et al. Primary liver abscess due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26:1434–1438
  14. Lee KT, Wong SR, Sheen PC. Pyogenic liver abscess: an audit of 10 years' experience and analysis of risk factors. Digest Surg. 2001;18:459–466
  15. Wong WM, Wong BCY, Hui CK, et al. Pyogenic liver abscess: retrospective analysis of 80 cases over a 10-Year period. Gastroenterol Hepatol J. 2002;17:1001–1017
  16. Hsieh CB, Tzao C, Yu CY, et al. APACHE II score and primary liver cancer history had risk of hospital mortality in patients with pyogenic liver abscess. Dig Liver Dis. 2006;38:498–502
  17. Chen SC, Wu WY, Yeh CH, et al. Comparison of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscesses. Am J Med Sci. 2007;334:97–105
  18. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, et al. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13:818–829
  19. Le Gall JR, Lemeshow S, Saulnier F. A new simplified acute physiology score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study. JAMA. 1993;270:2957–2963
  20. Meakins JL, Solomkin JS, Allo MD, et al. A proposed classification of intra-abdominal infections (Stratification of etiology and risk for future therapeutic trials). Arch Surg. 1984;119:1372–1378
  21. Skau T, Nyström PO, Carlsson C. Severity of illness in intra-abdominal infection (A comparison of two indexes). Arch Surg. 1985;120:152–158
  22. Nyström PO, Bax R, Dellinger EP, et al. Proposed definitions for diagnosis, severity scoring, stratification, and outcome for trials on intraabdominal infection (Joint Working Party of SIS North America and Europe). World J Surg. 1990;14:148–158
  23. Park SW, Kim BN, Kwak YG, et al. Clinical factors indicating the presence of pyogenic liver abscess in community-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. Int J Infect Dis. 2007;11:369–371
  24. Knaus WA, Zimmerman JE, Wagner DP, et al. APACHE—acute physiology and chronic health evaluation: a physiologically based classification system. Crit Care Med. 1981;9:591–597
  25. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. 5th ed.. Villanova, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 1993;Approved standard M2-A5
  26. Youden WJ. An index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer. 1950;3:32–35
  27. Schisterman EF, Perkins NJ, Liu A, et al. Optimal cut-point and its corresponding Youden index to discriminate individuals using pooled blood samples. Epidemiology. 2005;16:73–81
  28. Carratalá J, Fernández-Sevilla A, Tubau F, et al. Emergence of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli bacteremia in neutropenic patients with cancer who have received prophylactic norfloxacin. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:557–560
  29. Lautenbach E, Fishman NO, Bilker WB, et al. Risk factors for fluoroquinolone resistance in nosocomial Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:2469–2477
  30. Yang CC, Chen CY, Lin XZ, et al. Pyogenic liver abscess in Taiwan: emphasis on gas-forming liver abscess in diabetics. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:1911–1915
  31. Chou FF, Sheen-Chen SM, Chen YS, et al. The comparison of clinical course and results of treatment between gas-forming and non-gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess. Arch Surg. 1995;130:401–405
  32. Lee HL, Lee HC, Guo HR, et al. Clinical significance and mechanism of gas formation of pyogenic liver abscess due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:2783–2785
  33. Ruiz-Hernandez JJ, Leon-Mazorra M, Conde-Martel A, et al. Pyogenic liver abscesses: mortality-related factors. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;19:853–858
  34. Kasper DL. Virulence factors of anaerobic bacteria: an overview. Rev Infect Dis. 1979;1:246–247
  35. Hofstad T. Pathogenicity of anaerobic Gram-negative rods: possible mechanisms. Rev Infect Dis. 1984;6:189–199
  36. Rotstein OD, Vittorini T, Kao J, et al. A soluble Bacteroides by-product impairs phagocytic killing of Escherichia coli by neutrophils. Infect Immun. 1989;57:745–753
  37. Styrt B, Gorbach SL. Recent developments in the understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of anaerobic infections (first of two parts). N Engl J Med. 1989;321:240–246
  38. Onderdonk AB, Cisneros RL, Finberg R, et al. Animal model system for studying virulence of and host response to Bacteroides fragilis. Rev Infect Dis. 1990;12(Suppl 2):S169–S177
  39. Solomkin JS, Dellinger EP, Christou NV, et al. Results of a multicenter trial comparing imipenem/cilastatin to tobramycin/clindamycin for intra-abdominal infections. Ann Surg. 1990;212:581–591
  40. Falagas ME, Barefoot L, Griffith J, et al. Risk factors leading to clinical failure in the treatment of intra-abdominal or skin/soft tissue infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996;15:913–921
  41. Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Baron EJ, et al. Guidelines for the selection of anti-infective agents for complicated intra-abdominal infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:997–1005

PII: S0002-9610(08)00834-9

doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.08.022

The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 198, Issue 2 , Pages 164-172 , August 2009