The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 198, Issue 4 , Pages 482-487 , October 2009

Scientific Impact Award: Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) to identify and protect lymphatics draining the arm during axillary lymphadenectomy

  • Cristiano Boneti, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
    • ,
  • Soheila Korourian, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
    • ,
  • Zuleika Diaz, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
    • ,
  • Carlos Santiago, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
    • ,
  • Sheila Mumford, B.S.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
    • ,
  • Laura Adkins, M.S.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
    • ,
  • V. Suzanne Klimberg, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
    • Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: Tel.: 501-686-6504; fax: 501-526-6191

Received 27 March 2009 ,Revised 14 June 2009

References 

  1. Schrenk P, Rieger R, Shamiyeh A, et al. Morbidity following sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary lymph node dissection for patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2000;88:608–614
  2. Haid A, Koberle-Wuhrer R, Knauer M, et al. Morbidity of breast cancer patients following complete axillary dissection or sentinel node biopsy only: a comparative evaluation. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2002;73:31–36
  3. Swenson KK, Nissen MJ, Ceronsky C, Swenson L, Lee MW, Tuttle TM. Comparison of side effects between sentinel lymph node and axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9:745–753
  4. Blanchard DK, Donohue JH, Reynolds C, et al. Relapse and morbidity in patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy alone or with axillary dissection for breast cancer. Arch Surg. 2003;138:482–488
  5. Schijven MP, Vingerhoets AJ, Rutten HJ, et al. Comparison of morbidity between axillary lymph node dissection and sentinel node biopsy. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2003;29:341–350
  6. Ronka R, von Smitten K, Tasmuth , et al. One-year morbidity after sentinel node biopsy and breast surgery. Breast. 2005;14:28–36
  7. Leidenius M, Leivonen M, Vironen J, von Smitten K. The consequences of long-time arm morbidity in node-negative breast cancer patients with sentinel node biopsy or axillary clearance. J Surg Oncol. 2005;92:23–31
  8. Mansel R, Fallowfield L, Kissin M, et al. Randomized multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy versus standard axillary treatment in operable breast cancer: the ALMANAC trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:599–609
  9. Thompson M, Korourian S, Henry-Tillman R, et al. Axillary reverse mapping (ARM): a new concept to identify and enhance lymphatic preservation. Ann Surg Onc. 2007;14:1890–1895
  10. Boneti C, Korourian S, Bland K, et al. Axillary reverse mapping (ARM): mapping and preserving arm lymphatics may be important in preventing lymphedema during sentinel lymph node biopsy. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206:1038–1042
  11. Nos C, Lesieur B, Clough KB, et al. Blue dye injection in the arm in order to conserve the lymphatic drainage of the arm in breast cancer patients requiring an axillary dissection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:2490–2496
  12. Ponzone R, Mininanni P, Cassina E, et al. Axillary reverse mapping in breast cancer: can we spare what we find?. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;15:390–391
  13. Krag D, Weaver D, Ashikaga T, et al. The sentinel node in breast cancer—a multicenter validation study. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:941–946
  14. Senofsky GM, Moffat FL, Davis K, et al. Total axillary lymphadenectomy in the management of breast cancer. Arch Surg. 1991;126:1336–1342
  15. Fisher B, Jeong JH, Anderson S, et al. Twenty-five-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing radical mastectomy, total mastectomy, and total mastectomy followed by irradiation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:567–575
  16. Casabona F, Bogliolo S, Ferrero S, et al. Axillary reverse mapping in breast cancer: a new microsurgical lymphatic-venous procedure in the prevention of arm lymphedema. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15:3318–3319
  17. Boccardo F, Casabona , De Cian F, et al. Lymphedema microsurgical preventive healing approach: a new technique for primary prevention of arm lymphedema after mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16:703–708
  18. Fisher B, Redmond C, Fisher ER. Ten-year results of a randomised clinical trial comparing radical mastectomy and total mastectomy with and without radiation. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:674–681
  19. Cady B. The need to re-examine axillary lymph node dissection in invasive breast cancer. Cancer. 1994;73:505–508
  20. Kissin M, Rovere G, Easton D, et al. Risk of lymphedema following the treatment of breast cancer. Br J Surg. 1986;73:580–584
  21. Ozaslan C, Kuru B. Lymphedema after treatment of breast cancer. Am J Surg. 2004;187:69–72
  22. Nos C, Kaufmann G, Clough KB, et al. Combined axillary reverse mapping (ARM) technique for breast cancer patients requiring axillary dissection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15:2550–2555

PII: S0002-9610(09)00348-1

doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.06.008

The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 198, Issue 4 , Pages 482-487 , October 2009

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