The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 199, Issue 2 , Pages 240-248 , February 2010

Peri-operative hyperglycemia: a consideration for general surgery?

  • Wendy F. Bower, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: 852-2637-2469; fax: 852-2637-7581
    • ,
  • Ping Yin Lee, M.Med.Sci.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • Alice P.S. Kong, M.B.Ch.B.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • Johnny Y. Jiang, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese Cochrane Centre, School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • Malcolm J. Underwood, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • Juliana C.N. Chan, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    • ,
  • C. Andrew van Hasselt, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Received 18 February 2009 ,Revised 6 April 2009

References 

  1. Montori VM, Bistrian BR, McMahon MM. Hyperglycemia in acutely ill patients. JAMA. 2002;288:2167–2169
  2. George K, Alberti MM, Gill GV, et al. Insulin delivery during surgery in the diabetic patient. Diabetes Care. 1982;5(suppl):65–77
  3. Estrada CA, Young JA, Nifong LW, et al. Outcomes and perioperative hyperglycemia in patients with or without diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:1392–1399
  4. Marhoffer W, Stein M, Maeser E, et al. Impairment of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and metabolic control of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1992;15:256–260
  5. Turina M, Fry DE, Polk HC. Acute hyperglycemia and the innate immune system: clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:1624–1633
  6. Doenst T, Wijeysundera D, Karkouti K, et al. Hyperglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;130:1144
  7. Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, et al. Stress hyperglycemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: a systemic overview. Lancet. 2000;355:773–778
  8. Deedwania P, Kosiborod M, Barrett E, et al. Hyperglycemia and acute coronary syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Diabetes Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2008;117:1610–1619
  9. McGirt MJ, Woodworth GF, Brooke BS, et al. Hyperglycemia independently increases the risk of perioperative stroke, myocardial infarction, and death after carotid endarterectomy. Neurosurgery. 2006;58:1066–1073
  10. Cockram CS, Woo J, Lau E, et al. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance among Hong Kong Chinese adults of working age. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1993;21:67–73
  11. Ko GT, Cockram CS, Chan JC. How to minimize missing those subjects with high 2HR plasma glucose but “normal” fasting plasma glucose levels?. J Med. 2001;32:53–65
  12. Furnary AP, Zerr KJ, Grunkemeier GL, et al. Continuous intravenous insulin infusion reduces the incidence of deep sternal wound infection in diabetic patients after cardiac surgical procedures. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67:352–360
  13. Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, et al. Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:233–243
  14. Robinson PJ, Billah B, Leder K ASCTS Database Committee. Factors associated with deep sternal wound infection and haemorrhage following cardiac surgery in Victoria. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2007;6:167–171
  15. Schmeltz LR, DeSantis AJ, Thiyagarajan V, et al. Reduction of surgical mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery with a combined intravenous and subcutaneous insulin glucose management strategy. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:823–828
  16. Cammu G, Lecomte P, Casselman F, et al. Preinduction glycemia and body mass index are important predictors of perioperative insulin management in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2007;19:37–43
  17. Rady MY, Johnson DJ, Patel BM, et al. Influence of individual characteristics on outcome of glycemic control in intensive care unit patients with or without diabetes mellitus. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80:1558–1567
  18. Finney SJ, Zekveld C, Elia A, et al. Glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients. JAMA. 2003;290:2041–2047
  19. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1359–1367
  20. Wiener RS, Wiener DC, Larson RJ. Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:933–944
  21. American Diabetes Association. Clinical practice recommendations 2008. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(suppl):S12–S54
  22. Gump FE, Long CL, Geiger JW, et al. The significance of altered gluconeogenesis in surgical catabolism. J Trauma. 1975;15:704
  23. Sjöstrand F, Hahn RG. Volume kinetics of glucose 2.5% solution during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Anaesth. 2004;92:485–492
  24. Sicardi Salomón Z, Rodhe P, Hahn RG. Progressive decrease in glucose clearance during surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006;50:848–854
  25. Lattermann R, Schricker T, Wachter U, et al. Understanding the mechanisms by which isoflurane modifies the hyperglycemic response to surgery. Anesth Analg. 2001;93:121–127
  26. Braden H, Cheema-Dhadli S, Mazer CD, et al. Hyperglycemia during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass: the role of the kidney. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65:1588–1593
  27. Mescheryakov AV, Kozlov IA, Dementyeva II, et al. Glucose metabolism and insulin activity during cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Anesth. 1989;3:536–543
  28. Hindman B. Con: glucose priming solutions should not be used for cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1995;9:605–607
  29. Sieber F, Smith DS, Kupferberg J, et al. Effects of intraoperative glucose on protein catabolism and plasma glucose levels in patients with supratentorial tumors. Anesthesiology. 1986;64:453–459
  30. Puskas F, Grocott HP, White WD, et al. Intraoperative hyperglycemia and cognitive decline after CABG. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;84:1467–1473
  31. Nguyen NT, Goldman CD, Ho HS, et al. Systemic stress response after laparoscopic and open gastric bypass. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;194:557–566
  32. Uzunköy A, Coskun A, Akinci OF, et al. Systemic stress responses after laparoscopic or open hernia repair. Eur J Surg. 2000;166:467–471
  33. Engin A, Bozkurt BS, Ersoy E, et al. Stress hyperglycemia in minimally invasive surgery. Surg Laparosc Endosc. 1998;8:435–437
  34. Glaser F, Sannwald GA, Buhr HJ, et al. General stress response to conventional and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Surg. 1995;221:372–380
  35. Mrksić M, Cabafi Z, Feher I, et al. Surgical trauma in laparoscopic and classical cholecystectomy. Med Pregl. 2001;54:327–331
  36. Ozdamar D, Canatay H, Gurkan Y, et al. The effect of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia/general anesthesia and postoperative analgesia on metabolic stress response. Anestezi Dergisi. 2005;13:173–181
  37. Kouraklis G, Glinavou A, Raftopoulos L, et al. Epidural analgesia attenuates the systemic stress response to upper abdominal surgery: a randomized trial. Int Surg. 2000;85:353–357
  38. Kossman B, Volk E, Spilker ED, et al. Influence of thoracic epidural analgesia on glucose, cortisol, insulin and glucagon responses to surgery. Reg Anesth. 1982;7:107–109
  39. Young WL, Baker KZ, Ostapkovich N, et al. The equivalence of anesthetic regimens with respect to plasma glucose elevation during cerebrovascular surgery. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 1990;2:23–27
  40. Trépanier CA, Lessard MR, Brochu J, et al. Another feature of TURP syndrome: hyperglycemia and lactic acidosis caused by massive absorption of sorbitol. Br J Anaesth. 2001;87:316–319
  41. Wang WM, Zhu YJ, Shen HB, et al. The safety of flushing saline of 5% GS used in TURP. Chin J Androl. 2007;21:48–50
  42. Schricker T, Carli F, Schreiber MM, et al. Time of peritoneal cavity exposure influences postoperative glucose production. Can J Anaesth. 1999;46:352–358
  43. Lazar HL, McDonnell M, Chipkin SR, et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons practice guideline series: blood glucose management during adult cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;87:663–669

PII: S0002-9610(09)00409-7

doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.04.010

The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 199, Issue 2 , Pages 240-248 , February 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution