The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 198, Issue 5, Supplement , Pages S9-S18 , November 2009

Fifteen years of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program in review

  • Kamal M.F. Itani, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 857 203 6205; fax: +1 857 203 5549

Received 21 May 2009

References 

  1. Khuri SF, Daley J, Henderson W, et al. Risk adjustment of the postoperative mortality rate for the comparative assessment of the quality of surgical care: results of the National VA Surgical Risk Study. J Am Coll Surg. 1997;185:315–327
  2. Daley J, Khuri SF, Henderson W, et al. Risk adjustment of the postoperative morbidity rate for the comparative assessment of the quality of surgical care: results of the National VA Surgical Risk Study. J Am Coll Surg. 1997;185:328–340
  3. Khuri SF, Daley J, Henderson WG, et al. The Department of Veteran's Affairs NSQIP: the first national, validated, outcome-based, risk-adjusted, and peer-controlled program for the measurement and enhancement of the quality of surgical care. Ann Surg. 1998;228:491–507
  4. Samsa G, Oddone EZ, Horner R, et al. To what extent should quality of care decisions be based upon health outcome data? (Application to carotid endarterectomy). Stroke. 2002;33:2944–2949
  5. Gibbs JO, Khuri SF, Clark K, et al. Validating risk-adjusted surgical outcomes: chart review of process of care. Inter J Health Quality. 2001;13:187–196
  6. Best W, Khuri SF, Phelan K, et al. Identifying patient preoperative risk factors and postoperative adverse events in administrative data: results from the National VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;194:257–266
  7. Gordon H, Johnson ML, Wray NP, et al. Mortality after non-cardiac surgery: prediction from administrative versus clinical data. Med Care. 2005;43:159–167
  8. Atherly A, Fink AS, Campbell DC, et al. Evaluating alternative risk-adjustment strategies for surgery. Am J Surg. 2004;188:566–570
  9. Render ML, Deddens J, Freyberg R, et al. Veterans Affairs intensive care unit risk adjustment model: validation, updating, recalibration. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:1031–1042
  10. Romano PS, Rosen AK, Mull HJ, et al. Validity of selected AHRQ patient safety indicators based on VA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data. Health Serv Res. 2009;44:182–204
  11. Davenport DA, Bowe EA, Henderson WG, et al. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) risk factors can be used to validate the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA PS) levels. Ann Surg. 2006;243:636–644
  12. DePalma RG. Surgical quality programs in the Veterans Health Administration. Am Surg. 2006;72:999–1004
  13. Fink AS. Evidence-based outcome data following hernia surgery: a possible role for the NSQIP. Am J Surg. 2004;188(Suppl):30–34
  14. Khuri S, Daley J, Henderson WG. The comparative assessment and improvement of quality of surgical care in the Department of Veterans Affairs. Arch Surg. 2002;137:20–27
  15. Fink AS, Campbell DA, Mentzer RM, et al. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program in non-VA hospitals: initial demonstration of feasibility. Ann Surg. 2002;236:344–354
  16. Henderson WG, Khuri SF, Daley J, et al. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program: demonstration project in non-VA hospitals. Top Health Info Manag. 2002;23:22–32
  17. Khuri SF, Henderson WG. The Patient Safety in Surgery Study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1087–1088
  18. Khuri SF, Henderson WG, Daley J, et al. The Patient Safety in Surgery study: background, study design, and patient populations. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1089–1102
  19. Dimick JB, Chen SL, Taheri PA, et al. Hospital costs associated with surgical complications: a report from the private-sector National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. J Am Coll Surg. 2004;199:531–537
  20. Khuri SF, Henderson WG, Daley J, et al. Successful implementation of the Department of Veteran Affairs' NSQIP in the private sector: the Patient Safety in Surgery study. Ann Surg. 2008;248:329–336
  21. Khuri SF, Daley J, Henderson W, et al. The National Veterans Administration Surgical Risk Study: risk adjustment for the comparative assessment of the quality of surgical care. J Am Coll Surg. 1995;180:519–531
  22. Daley J, Forbes MF, Young G, et al. Validating risk-adjusted surgical outcomes: site visit assessment of process and structure. J Am Coll Surg. 1997;185:341–351
  23. Main DS, Henderson WG, Pratte K, et al. Relationship of processes and structures of care in general surgery to postoperative outcomes: a descriptive analysis. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1157–1165
  24. Main DS, Cavender TA, Nowels CT, et al. Relationship pf processes and structures of care in general surgery to postoperative outcomes: a qualitative analysis. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1147–1156
  25. Young GJ, Charns MP, Daley J, et al. Best practices for managing surgical services: the role of coordination. J Healthcare Manage Rev. 1997;22:85–99
  26. Young GJ, Charns MP, Desai K, et al. Patterns of coordination and clinical outcomes: a study of surgical services. Health Serv Res. 1998;33:1211–1236
  27. Davenport DL, Henderson WG, Mosca CL, et al. Risk-adjusted morbidity in teaching hospitals correlates with reported levels of communication and collaboration on surgical teams but not with scale measures of teamwork climate, safety climate, or working conditions. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;205:778–784
  28. Hawn MT, Gray SH, Vick CC, et al. Timely administration of prophylactic antibiotics for major surgical procedures. J Am Coll Surg. 2006;203:803–811
  29. Hawn MT, Itani KI, Gray SH, et al. Association of timely administration of prophylactic antibiotics for major surgical procedures and surgical site infection. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206:814–821
  30. Neumayer L, Hosokawa P, Itani K, et al. Multivariable predictors of postoperative surgical site infection following general and vascular surgery: results from the Patient Safety in Surgery study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1178–1187
  31. Rogers SO, Kilaru RK, Hosokawa P, et al. Multivariable predictors of postoperative venous thromboembolic events after general and vascular surgery: results from the Patient Safety in Surgery study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1211–1221
  32. Gangireddy C, Rectenwald J, Upchurch G, et al. Risk factors and clinical impact of postoperative and symptomatic venous thromboembolism. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45:335–341
  33. Collins T, Daley J, Henderson WG, et al. Risk factors for prolonged length of stay after major elective surgery. Ann Surg. 1999;290:251–259
  34. Zare SM, Itani KMF, Schifftner TL, et al. Mortality after non-emergent major surgery performed on Friday versus Monday through Wednesday. Ann Surg. 2007;246:866–874
  35. Kelz RR, Freeman KM, Hosokawa PW, et al. Time of day is associated with post-operative morbidity: an analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data. Ann Surg. 2008;247:544–552
  36. Bishop MJ, Souders JE, Peterson CA, et al. Factors associated with unanticipated day of surgery deaths in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals. Anesth Analg. 2008;107:1924–1935
  37. Khuri SF, Daley J, Henderson W, et al. The relationship of surgical volume to outcome in eight common operations: results from the VA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Ann Surg. 1999;230:414–432
  38. Khuri SF, Daley J, Henderson W. Surgical volume was not related to 30-day mortality in 8 common operations. (from: The relationship of surgical volume to outcome in eight common operations Ann Surg 1999;230(3):414–432) Evidence-Based Medicine/ACP Journal Club. 2000;132:72–73
  39. Itani KMF, Denwood R, Schifftner T, et al. Causes of high mortality in colorectal surgery (A review of episodes of care in Veterans Health Administration hospitals). Am J Surg. 2007;194:639–645
  40. Khuri SF, Henderson WG. The case against volume as a measure of quality of surgical care. World J Surg. 2005;29:1222–1229
  41. Schifftner TL, Grunwald GK, Henderson WG, et al. Relationship of processes and structures of care in general surgery to postoperative outcomes: a hierarchical analysis. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1166–1177
  42. Khuri SF, Najjar SF, Daley J, et al. And the participants in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (A comparison of surgical outcomes between teaching and non-teaching hospitals in the Department of Veterans Affairs). Ann Surg. 2001;234:370–382
  43. Itani KM, DePalma RG, Schifftner T, et al. Surgical resident supervision in the operating room and outcomes of care in Veterans Affairs hospitals. Am J Surg. 2005;190:725–731
  44. Ku TS, Kane CJ, Sen S, et al. Effects of hospital procedure volume and resident training on clinical outcomes and resource use in radical retropubic prostectomy surgery in the Department of Veterans Affairs. J Urol. 2008;179:272–278
  45. Kaafarani HM, Itani KM, Petersen LA, et al. Does resident hours reduction have an impact on surgical outcomes?. J Surg Res. 2005;126:167–171
  46. Gibbs J, Cull W, Henderson W, et al. Preoperative serum albumin level as a predictor of operative mortality and morbidity: results from the National VA Surgical Risk study. Arch Surg. 1999;134:36–42
  47. O'Brien MM, Gonzales R, Shroyer AL, et al. A modest serum creatinine elevation affects adverse outcome in general surgery. Kidney Int. 2002;62:585–592
  48. Sidawy AN, Aidinian G, Johnson ON, et al. Effect of chronic renal insufficiency on carotid endarterectomy outcomes. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48:1423–1430
  49. Wu WC, Schifftner TL, Henderson WG, et al. Levels of preoperative hematocrit predict postoperative cardiovascular and fatal outcomes in elderly patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. J Am Med Assoc. 2007;297:2481–2488
  50. Aust JB, Henderson WG, Khuri SF, et al. The impact of operative complexity on patient risk factors. Ann Surg. 2005;241:1024–1028
  51. Davenport DL, Henderson WG, Khuri S, et al. Preoperative risk factors and surgical complexity are more predictive of cost than postoperative complications: case study using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Ann Surg. 2005;242:463–471
  52. Hamel M, Henderson WG, Daley J, et al. Surgical outcomes for patients age 80 or older: morbidity and mortality for non-cardiac surgery. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:424–429
  53. Fink AS, Hutter MM, Campbell DC, et al. A comparison of risk-adjusted 30-day postoperative mortality and morbidity in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals and selected university medical centers: general surgical operations in women. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1127–1136
  54. Johnson RG, Wittgen CM, Hutter MM, et al. A comparison of risk-adjusted 30-day postoperative mortality and morbidity in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals and selected university medical centers: vascular surgical operations in women. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1137–1146
  55. Weaver F, Hynes D, Hopkinson W, et al. Preoperative risks and outcomes of hip and knee replacement in the Veterans Health Administration. J Arthroplasty. 2003;18:693–708
  56. Arozullah AM, Ferreira MR, Bennett RL, et al. Racial variations in the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the Department of Veteran's Affairs medical system. J Am Coll Surg. 1999;188:604–622
  57. Alvord LA, Rhoades D, Henderson WG, et al. Surgical morbidity and mortality among American Indian and Alaska native veterans: A comparative analysis. J Am Coll Surg. 2005;200:837–844
  58. Collins TC, Johnson M, Khuri SF, et al. Lower extremity non-traumatic amputation among veterans with peripheral arterial disease: is race an independent factor?. Med Care. 2002;40:I106–I116
  59. Collins TC, Johnson M, Daley J, et al. Preoperative risk factors for 30-day mortality following elective surgery for vascular disease: is race important?. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34:634–640
  60. Horner RD, Oddone EZ, Stechuchak K, et al. Racial variation in postoperative outcomes of carotid endarterectomy: evidence from the Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Med Care. 2002;40:I35–I43
  61. Ibrahim SA, Stone R, Han X, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in surgical outcomes of veterans following knee or hip arthroplasty. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:3143–3151
  62. Ibrahim SA, Stone RA, Cohen PZ, et al. Race, ethnicity and length of hospital stay after knee or hip arthroplasty. Curr Orthop Pract. 2008;19:556–563
  63. Abularrage CJ, Weiswasser JM, DeZee KJ, et al. Predictors of lower extremity arterial injury after total knee or total hip arthroplasty. J Vasc Surg. 2008;47:803–808
  64. Arozullah AM, Daley J, Henderson WH, et al. Multifactorial index for predicting postoperative respiratory failure in men after major noncardiac surgery (The National Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program). Ann Surg. 2000;232:242–253
  65. Johnson RG, Arozullah AM, Neumayer L, et al. Multifactorial predictors of postoperative respiratory failure after general and vascular surgery: results from the Patient Safety in Surgery study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1188–1198
  66. Arozullah AM, Khuri SF, Henderson WG, et al. The development and validation of a multifactorial risk index for predicting postoperative pneumonia following major noncardiac surgery. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:847–857
  67. Arozullah AM, Henderson WG, Khuri SF, et al. Postoperative mortality and pulmonary complication rankings: how well do they correlate at hospital level?. Med Care. 2003;41:979–991
  68. Webster C, Neumayer L, Smout R, et al. Prognostic models of abdominal wound dehiscence after laparotomy. J Surg Res. 2003;109:130–137
  69. Davenport DL, Ferraris VA, Hosokawa P, et al. Multivariable predictors of postoperative cardiac adverse events after general and vascular operations: results from the Patient Safety in Surgery study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1199–1210
  70. Khuri SF, Henderson WG, DePalma RG, et al. Determinants of long-term survival after major surgery and the adverse effect of postoperative complications. Ann Surg. 2005;242:326–343
  71. Henderson WG, Khuri SF, Mosca C, et al. Comparison of risk-adjusted 30-day postoperative mortality and morbidity in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals and selected university medical centers: general surgical operations in men. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1103–1114
  72. Grossman EM, Longo WE, Virgo KS, et al. Morbidity and mortality of gastrectomy for cancer in the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. Surgery. 2002;131:484–490
  73. De la Fuente SG, Khuri SF, Schifftner T, et al. Comparative analysis of vagotomy and drainage versus vagotomy and resection procedures for bleeding peptic ulcer disease: results of 907 patients from the Department of Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. J Am Coll Surg. 2006;202:78–86
  74. Margenthaler J, Longo WE, Virgo KS, et al. Risk factors for adverse outcomes following surgery for small bowel obstruction (SBO). Ann Surg. 2006;243:456–464
  75. Margenthaler J, Longo WE, Virgo KS, et al. Risk factors for adverse outcomes following appendectomy for appendicitis in adults. Ann Surg. 2003;238:59–66
  76. Longo WE, Virgo KS, Johnson FE, et al. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality after colectomy for colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:83–91
  77. Longo WE, Virgo KS, Johnson FE, et al. Outcome following proctectomy for rectal cancer in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals: A report from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Ann Surg. 1998;228:64–70
  78. Chen AY, Daley J, Pappas TN, et al. Growing use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the National Veterans Affairs Surgical Risk study. Ann Surg. 1998;227:12–24
  79. Schroeder RA, Marroquin CE, Bute BP, et al. Predictive indices of morbidity and mortality after liver resection. Ann Surg. 2006;243:373–379
  80. Lancaster RT, Tanabe KK, Schifftner TL, et al. Liver resection in Veterans Affairs and selected university medical centers: results of the Patient Safety in Surgery study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1242–1251
  81. Billingsley KG, Hur K, Henderson WG, et al. Outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary cancer: an analysis from the Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. J Gastrointest Surg. 2003;7:484–491
  82. Glasgow RE, Jackson HH, Neumayer L, et al. Pancreatic resection in Veterans Affairs and selected university medical centers: results of the Patient Safety in Surgery study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1252–1260
  83. Hutter MM, Randall S, Khuri S, et al. Laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass for morbid obesity: a multicenter, prospective, risk-adjusted analysis from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Ann Surg. 2006;243:657–666
  84. Livingston EH, Arteburn D, Schifftner TL, et al. National Surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis of bariatric operations: modifiable risk factors contribute to bariatric surgical adverse outcomes. J Am Coll Surg. 2006;203:625–633
  85. Lautz DB, Jackson TD, Clancy KA, et al. Bariatric operations in Veterans Affairs and selected university medical centers: results of the Patient Safety in Surgery study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1261–1272
  86. Hynes DM, Weaver F, Morrow M, et al. Breast cancer surgery trends and outcomes: results from a National Department of Veterans Affairs VA Study. J Am Coll Surg. 2004;198:707–716
  87. El-Tamer MB, Ward BM, Schifftner T, et al. Morbidity and mortality following breast cancer surgery in women (National benchmarks for standards of care). Ann Surg. 2007;245:665–671
  88. Neumayer L, Schifftner T, Henderson WG, et al. Breast cancer surgery in Veterans Affairs and selected university medical centers: results of the Patient Safety in Surgery study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1235–1241
  89. Finan KR, Vick CC, Kiefe CI, et al. Predictors of wound infection in ventral hernia repair. Am J Surg. 2005;190:676–681
  90. Gray SH, Vick CC, Graham LA, et al. Variation in mesh placement for ventral hernia repair: an opportunity for process improvement. Am J Surg. 2008;196:201–206
  91. Gray SH, Vick CC, Graham LA, et al. Risk of complications from enterotomy or unplanned bowel resection during elective hernia repair. Arch Surg. 2008;143:582–586
  92. Gray SH, Vick CC, Graham LA, et al. Umbilical herniorrhapy in cirrhosis: improved outcomes with elective repair. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12:675–681
  93. Hall BL, Hirbe M, Yan Y, et al. Thyroid and parathyroid operations in Veterans Affairs and selected university medical centers: results of the Patient Safety in Surgery study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1222–1234
  94. Lee J, El-Tamer M, Schifftner T, et al. Open and laparoscopic adrenalectomy: analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206:953–959
  95. Turrentine FE, Henderson WG, Khuri S, et al. Adrenalectomy in Veterans Affairs and selected university medical centers: results of the Patient Safety in Surgery study. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1273–1283
  96. Hutter MM, Lancaster RT, Henderson WG, et al. Comparison of risk-adjusted 30-day postoperative mortality and morbidity in Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals and selected university medical centers: vascular surgical operations in men. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1115–1126
  97. Axelrod DA, Upchurch GR, DeMonner S, et al. Risk stratification of diabetic patients undergoing major vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35:894–901
  98. O'Hare AM, Feinglass J, Sidaway A, et al. Risk of complications and mortality after lower extremity revascularization in patients with renal insufficiency: data from the Department of Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:1287–1295
  99. O'Hare AM, Feinglass J, Reiber GE, et al. The influence of renal insufficiency on limb loss and mortality after initial lower extremity surgical revascularization. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39:709–716
  100. Axelrod DA, Stanley JC, Upchurch GR, et al. Risk for stroke after elective non-carotid vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg. 2003;39:67–72
  101. Bush RL, Johnson ML, Collins TL, et al. Open versus endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in VA hospitals. J Am Coll Surg. 2006;202:577–587
  102. Johnson ML, Bush RL, Collins TC, et al. Propensity score analysis in observational studies: outcomes after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Am J Surg. 2006;192:336–343
  103. Hua HT, Cambria RP, Chuang SK, et al. Early outcomes of endovascular versus open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Private Sector (NSQIP-PS) (Presented at New England Society of Vascular Surgery Meeting). J Vasc Surg. 2005;41:382–389
  104. Bush RL, Johnson ML, Hedayati N, et al. Performance of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair in high-risk patients: results from the Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality improvement program. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45:227–234
  105. Stoner MC, Abbott WM, Wong DR, et al. Defining the high-risk patient for carotid endarterectomy: an analysis of the prospective National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. J Vasc Surg. 2006;43:285–296
  106. Singh N, Sidawy AN, DeZee K, et al. The effects of the type of anesthesia on outcomes of lower extremity infrainguinal bypass. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:964–970
  107. Singh N, Sidawy AN, DeZee K, et al. Factors associated with early graft failure of infrainguinal lower extremity arterial bypass. J Vasc Surg. 2008;47:556–561
  108. Feinglass J, Pearce WH, Martin GJ, et al. Postoperative and amputation-free survival outcomes after femorodistal bypass graft surgery: findings from the Department of Veterans Affairs National Quality Improvement program. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34:283–290
  109. Johnson ON, Slidell MB, Macsata RA, et al. Outcomes of surgical management for popliteal artery aneurysms: an analysis of 583 cases. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48:845–851
  110. Feinglass J, Pearce WH, Martin GJ, et al. Postoperative and late survival outcomes after major amputation: findings from the Department of Veterans Affairs National Quality Improvement Program. Surgery. 2001;130:21–29
  111. O'Hare AM, Feinglass J, Reiber GE, et al. Postoperative mortality after nontraumatic lower extremity amputation in patients with renal insufficiency. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:427–434
  112. Harpole DH, DeCamp MM, Daley J, et al. And the participants in the National Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (Prognostic models of 30-day morbidity and mortality after major pulmonary resection). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;117:969–979
  113. Linden PA, Yeap BY, Chang MY, et al. Morbidity of lung resection after prior lobectomy: results from the VA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83:425–432
  114. Bailey SH, Bull DA, Harpole JJ, et al. Outcomes after esophagogastrectomy: a ten-year prospective cohort. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:217–222
  115. Rentz J, Bull D, Harpole D, et al. Transthoracic versus transhiatal esophagectomy: a prospective study of 945 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;125:1114–1120
  116. BuSaba NY. Predictors for prolonged length of stay after major elective head and neck surgery. Laryngoscopy. 2007;117:1756–1763
  117. Schwartz SR, Yeuh B, Maynard C, et al. Predictors of wound complications after laryngectomy: a study of over 2000 patients. Otololaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;131:61–68
  118. Kezirian EJ, Weaver EM, Yueh B, et al. Incidence of serious complications after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:450–453
  119. Kezirian EJ, Weaver EM, Yueh B, et al. Risk factors for serious complications after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;132:1091–1098
  120. Radcliff TA, Henderson WG, Stoner TJ, et al. Patient risk factors, operative care and outcomes among older community-dwelling male veterans with hip fracture: evidence from the VA's National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. J Bone Joint Surg. 2008;90:34–42
  121. Boakye M, Patil CG, Ho C, et al. Cervical corpectomy: complications and outcomes. Neurosurgery. 2008;63(Suppl 2):295–301
  122. Corman JM, Penson DF, Hur K, et al. Comparison of complications after radical and partial nephrectomy: results from the National VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Br J Urol Int. 2000;86:782–789
  123. Hollenbeck BK, Miller DC, Taub D, et al. Identifying risk factors for potentially avoidable complications following radical cystectomy. J Urol. 2005;174(4):1231–1237
  124. Hollenbeck BK, Miller DC, Taub DA, et al. The effects of adjusting for case mix on mortality and length of stay following radical cystectomy. J Urol. 2006;176:1363–1368
  125. Hollenbeck BK, Miller DC, Taub D, et al. Risk factors for adverse outcomes after transurethral resection of bladder tumors. Cancer. 2006;106:1527–1535
  126. Weaver F, Hynes D, Goldberg J, et al. Hysterectomy rates, trends, and outcomes in VA Medical Centers—a six-year review. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97:880–884
  127. Khuri SF, The N. A new frontier in surgery. Surgery. 2005;138:837–843
  128. Khuri SF. Safety, quality, and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Am Surg. 2006;72:994–998

PII: S0002-9610(09)00466-8

doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.08.003

The American Journal of Surgery
Volume 198, Issue 5, Supplement , Pages S9-S18 , November 2009

Article Tools