Abstract
Background
We examined the effectiveness of technical training (TT) and quiet eye training (QE)
on the performance of one-handed square knot tying in surgical residents.
Methods
Twenty surgical residents were randomly assigned to the 2 groups and completed pretest,
training, retention, and transfer tests. Participants wore a mobile eye tracker that
simultaneously recorded their gaze and hand movements. Dependent variables were knot
tying performance (%), QE duration (%), number of fixations, total movement time (s),
and hand movement phase time (s).
Results
The QE training group had significantly higher performance scores, a longer QE duration,
fewer fixations, faster total knot tying times, and faster movement phase times compared
with the TT group. The QE group maintained performance in the transfer test, whereas
the TT group significantly decreased performance from retention to transfer.
Conclusions
QE training significantly improved learning, retention, and transfer of surgical knot
tying compared with a traditional technical approach. Both performance effectiveness
(performance outcome) and movement efficiency (hand movement times) were improved
using QE modeling, instruction, and feedback.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to The American Journal of SurgeryAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: a meta-analysis.J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2007; 29: 457-478
- Why skill matters.Trends Cogn Sci. 2013; 17: 434-441
- Visual control while aiming at a far target.J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1996; 22: 342-354
- Perceptual training: what can be trained?.in: Hodges N.J. Williams A.M. Skill Acquisition in Sport: Research, Theory and Practice. Routledge, London2012: 306-324
- Eye Gaze Patterns Differentiate Novice and Experts in a Virtual Laparoscopic Surgery Training Environment. Eye Tracking Research & Applications Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications.ACM Press, NY2004: 41-48
- Psychomotor control in a virtual laparoscopic surgery training environment: gaze control parameters differentiate novices from experts.Surg Endosc. 2010; 24: 2458-2464
- Expert surgeon’s quiet eye and slowing down: expertise differences in performance and quiet eye duration during identification and dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.Am J Surg. 2014; 207: 187-193
Vickers JN, Harvey A, Snelgrove R, et al. Expertise differences in quiet eye duration during surgical knot tying. Int J Sport Psychol (in press).
- Training quiet eye improves accuracy in the basketball free throw.Sport Psychol. 2001; 15: 289-305
- Quiet eye training expedites motor learning and aids performance under heightened anxiety: the roles of response programming and external attention.Psychophysiology. 2012; 49: 1005-1015
- Advances in coupling perception and action: the quiet eye as a bidirectional link between gaze, attention, and action.Prog Brain Res. 2009; 174: 279-288
- The effects of training visual attention on gaze behaviour and accuracy: a pilot study.Int J Sports Vis. 1997; 4: 28-33
- Quiet eye training facilitates competitive putting performance in elite golfers.Front Psychol. 2011; 2: 8
- Quiet eye training in a visuomotor control task.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011; 43: 1042-1049
- Gaze training enhances laparoscopic technical skill acquisition and multi-tasking performance: a randomized, controlled study.Surg Endosc. 2011; 25: 3731-3739
- The assessment of surgical skills and a simple knot-tying exercise.Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2001; 83: 69-73
- The importance of surgeon experience for clinical and economic outcomes from thyroidectomy.Ann Surg. 1998; 228: 320
- A cost-effective proficiency-based knot-tying and suturing curriculum for residency programs.J Surg Res. 2007; 141: 7-15
- Quiet eye duration and gun motion in elite shotgun shooting.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010; 42: 1599-1608
- Location of fixation, landing position of the ball and accuracy during the free throw.Int J Sports Vis. 1996; 3: 54-60
- Perception, Cognition and Decision Training: The Quiet Eye in Action.Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL2007
- Slowing down to stay out of trouble in the operating room: remaining attentive in automaticity.Acad Med. 2010; 85: 1571-1577
- Quiet eye duration, expertise, and task complexity in near and far aiming tasks.J Mot Behav. 2002; 34: 197-207
- Use of simple reaction time in motor programming studies: a reply to Klapp, Wyatt and Lingo.J Mot Behav. 1980; 12: 163-168
- Expertise in medicine: using the expert performance approach to improve simulation training.Med Educ. 2014; 48: 115-123
Article Info
Publication History
Published online: April 28, 2014
Received in revised form:
December 11,
2013
Received:
November 6,
2013
Footnotes
Funding was provided by the Royal College of Physician and Surgeons, Canada and the University of Calgary Program for Undergraduate Research Experience .
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ScienceDirect
Access this article on ScienceDirectLinked Article
- The eye of the masterThe American Journal of SurgeryVol. 208Issue 2
